许多涉及某种形式的3D视觉感知的机器人任务极大地受益于对工作环境的完整知识。但是，机器人通常必须应对非结构化的环境，并且由于工作空间有限，混乱或对象自我划分，它们的车载视觉传感器只能提供不完整的信息。近年来，深度学习架构的形状完成架构已开始将牵引力作为从部分视觉数据中推断出完整的3D对象表示的有效手段。然而，大多数现有的最新方法都以体素电网形式提供了固定的输出分辨率，这与神经网络输出阶段的大小严格相关。尽管这足以完成某些任务，例如导航，抓握和操纵的障碍需要更精细的分辨率，并且简单地扩大神经网络输出在计算上是昂贵的。在本文中，我们通过基于隐式3D表示的对象形状完成方法来解决此限制，该方法为每个重建点提供了置信值。作为第二个贡献，我们提出了一种基于梯度的方法，用于在推理时在任意分辨率下有效地采样这种隐式函数。我们通过将重建的形状与地面真理进行比较，并通过在机器人握把管道中部署形状完成算法来实验验证我们的方法。在这两种情况下，我们将结果与最先进的形状完成方法进行了比较。

动作识别是人形机器人与人类互动和合作的基本能力。该应用程序需要设计动作识别系统，以便可以轻松添加新操作，同时识别和忽略未知的动作。近年来，深度学习的方法代表了行动识别问题的主要解决方案。但是，大多数模型通常需要大量的手动标记样品数据集。在这项工作中，我们针对单发的深度学习模型，因为它们只能处理课堂的一个实例。不幸的是，一击模型假设在推理时，识别的动作落入了支持集中，当动作位于支持集外时，它们会失败。几乎没有射击开放式识别（FSOSR）解决方案试图解决该缺陷，但是当前的解决方案仅考虑静态图像而不是图像序列。静态图像仍然不足以区分诸如坐下和站立之类的动作。在本文中，我们提出了一个新颖的模型，该模型通过一个单发模型来解决FSOSR问题，该模型用拒绝未知动作的歧视器增强。该模型对于人体机器人技术中的应用很有用，因为它允许轻松添加新类并确定输入序列是否是系统已知的序列。我们展示了如何以端到端的方式训练整个模型，并进行定量和定性分析。最后，我们提供现实世界中的例子。

机器人在日常生活中的应用程序以前所未有的节奏增加。由于机器人即将在野外运行“出来”，我们必须确定他们将面临的安全和安全漏洞。机器人研究人员和制造商将注意力集中在新的，更便宜，更可靠的应用程序上。尽管如此，他们常常忽略对抗的环境中的可操作性，其中可信或不受信任的用户可以危害甚至改变机器人的任务。在本文中，我们在下一代机器人中确定了一个安全威胁的新范式。这些威胁掉了超出了已知的硬件或基于网络的威胁，我们必须找到解决它们的新解决方案。这些新威胁包括恶意使用机器人的特权访问，篡改机器人传感器系统，并欺骗机器人的审议陷入有害行为。我们提供了利用现实例子利用这些漏洞的攻击分类，我们概述了有效的对策，以防止更好，检测和减轻它们。

行为树（BT）是一种在自主代理中（例如机器人或计算机游戏中的虚拟实体）之间在不同任务之间进行切换的方法。 BT是创建模块化和反应性的复杂系统的一种非常有效的方法。这些属性在许多应用中至关重要，这导致BT从计算机游戏编程到AI和机器人技术的许多分支。在本书中，我们将首先对BTS进行介绍，然后我们描述BTS与早期切换结构的关系，并且在许多情况下如何概括。然后，这些想法被用作一套高效且易于使用的设计原理的基础。安全性，鲁棒性和效率等属性对于自主系统很重要，我们描述了一套使用BTS的状态空间描述正式分析这些系统的工具。借助新的分析工具，我们可以对BTS如何推广早期方法的形式形式化。我们还显示了BTS在自动化计划和机器学习中的使用。最后，我们描述了一组扩展的工具，以捕获随机BT的行为，其中动作的结果由概率描述。这些工具可以计算成功概率和完成时间。

Existing automated techniques for software documentation typically attempt to reason between two main sources of information: code and natural language. However, this reasoning process is often complicated by the lexical gap between more abstract natural language and more structured programming languages. One potential bridge for this gap is the Graphical User Interface (GUI), as GUIs inherently encode salient information about underlying program functionality into rich, pixel-based data representations. This paper offers one of the first comprehensive empirical investigations into the connection between GUIs and functional, natural language descriptions of software. First, we collect, analyze, and open source a large dataset of functional GUI descriptions consisting of 45,998 descriptions for 10,204 screenshots from popular Android applications. The descriptions were obtained from human labelers and underwent several quality control mechanisms. To gain insight into the representational potential of GUIs, we investigate the ability of four Neural Image Captioning models to predict natural language descriptions of varying granularity when provided a screenshot as input. We evaluate these models quantitatively, using common machine translation metrics, and qualitatively through a large-scale user study. Finally, we offer learned lessons and a discussion of the potential shown by multimodal models to enhance future techniques for automated software documentation.

Background: Image analysis applications in digital pathology include various methods for segmenting regions of interest. Their identification is one of the most complex steps, and therefore of great interest for the study of robust methods that do not necessarily rely on a machine learning (ML) approach. Method: A fully automatic and optimized segmentation process for different datasets is a prerequisite for classifying and diagnosing Indirect ImmunoFluorescence (IIF) raw data. This study describes a deterministic computational neuroscience approach for identifying cells and nuclei. It is far from the conventional neural network approach, but it is equivalent to their quantitative and qualitative performance, and it is also solid to adversative noise. The method is robust, based on formally correct functions, and does not suffer from tuning on specific data sets. Results: This work demonstrates the robustness of the method against the variability of parameters, such as image size, mode, and signal-to-noise ratio. We validated the method on two datasets (Neuroblastoma and NucleusSegData) using images annotated by independent medical doctors. Conclusions: The definition of deterministic and formally correct methods, from a functional to a structural point of view, guarantees the achievement of optimized and functionally correct results. The excellent performance of our deterministic method (NeuronalAlg) to segment cells and nuclei from fluorescence images was measured with quantitative indicators and compared with those achieved by three published ML approaches.

Detecting anomalous data within time series is a very relevant task in pattern recognition and machine learning, with many possible applications that range from disease prevention in medicine, e.g., detecting early alterations of the health status before it can clearly be defined as "illness" up to monitoring industrial plants. Regarding this latter application, detecting anomalies in an industrial plant's status firstly prevents serious damages that would require a long interruption of the production process. Secondly, it permits optimal scheduling of maintenance interventions by limiting them to urgent situations. At the same time, they typically follow a fixed prudential schedule according to which components are substituted well before the end of their expected lifetime. This paper describes a case study regarding the monitoring of the status of Laser-guided Vehicles (LGVs) batteries, on which we worked as our contribution to project SUPER (Supercomputing Unified Platform, Emilia Romagna) aimed at establishing and demonstrating a regional High-Performance Computing platform that is going to represent the main Italian supercomputing environment for both computing power and data volume.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance on graph-structured data across numerous domains. Their underlying ability to represent nodes as summaries of their vicinities has proven effective for homophilous graphs in particular, in which same-type nodes tend to connect. On heterophilous graphs, in which different-type nodes are likely connected, GNNs perform less consistently, as neighborhood information might be less representative or even misleading. On the other hand, GNN performance is not inferior on all heterophilous graphs, and there is a lack of understanding of what other graph properties affect GNN performance. In this work, we highlight the limitations of the widely used homophily ratio and the recent Cross-Class Neighborhood Similarity (CCNS) metric in estimating GNN performance. To overcome these limitations, we introduce 2-hop Neighbor Class Similarity (2NCS), a new quantitative graph structural property that correlates with GNN performance more strongly and consistently than alternative metrics. 2NCS considers two-hop neighborhoods as a theoretically derived consequence of the two-step label propagation process governing GCN's training-inference process. Experiments on one synthetic and eight real-world graph datasets confirm consistent improvements over existing metrics in estimating the accuracy of GCN- and GAT-based architectures on the node classification task.

Building a quantum analog of classical deep neural networks represents a fundamental challenge in quantum computing. A key issue is how to address the inherent non-linearity of classical deep learning, a problem in the quantum domain due to the fact that the composition of an arbitrary number of quantum gates, consisting of a series of sequential unitary transformations, is intrinsically linear. This problem has been variously approached in the literature, principally via the introduction of measurements between layers of unitary transformations. In this paper, we introduce the Quantum Path Kernel, a formulation of quantum machine learning capable of replicating those aspects of deep machine learning typically associated with superior generalization performance in the classical domain, specifically, hierarchical feature learning. Our approach generalizes the notion of Quantum Neural Tangent Kernel, which has been used to study the dynamics of classical and quantum machine learning models. The Quantum Path Kernel exploits the parameter trajectory, i.e. the curve delineated by model parameters as they evolve during training, enabling the representation of differential layer-wise convergence behaviors, or the formation of hierarchical parametric dependencies, in terms of their manifestation in the gradient space of the predictor function. We evaluate our approach with respect to variants of the classification of Gaussian XOR mixtures - an artificial but emblematic problem that intrinsically requires multilevel learning in order to achieve optimal class separation.

Objective: Accurate visual classification of bladder tissue during Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) procedures is essential to improve early cancer diagnosis and treatment. During TURBT interventions, White Light Imaging (WLI) and Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) techniques are used for lesion detection. Each imaging technique provides diverse visual information that allows clinicians to identify and classify cancerous lesions. Computer vision methods that use both imaging techniques could improve endoscopic diagnosis. We address the challenge of tissue classification when annotations are available only in one domain, in our case WLI, and the endoscopic images correspond to an unpaired dataset, i.e. there is no exact equivalent for every image in both NBI and WLI domains. Method: We propose a semi-surprised Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based method composed of three main components: a teacher network trained on the labeled WLI data; a cycle-consistency GAN to perform unpaired image-to-image translation, and a multi-input student network. To ensure the quality of the synthetic images generated by the proposed GAN we perform a detailed quantitative, and qualitative analysis with the help of specialists. Conclusion: The overall average classification accuracy, precision, and recall obtained with the proposed method for tissue classification are 0.90, 0.88, and 0.89 respectively, while the same metrics obtained in the unlabeled domain (NBI) are 0.92, 0.64, and 0.94 respectively. The quality of the generated images is reliable enough to deceive specialists. Significance: This study shows the potential of using semi-supervised GAN-based classification to improve bladder tissue classification when annotations are limited in multi-domain data.